What do you mean by fallacy? Explain the types of fallacies.

Fallacies are those types of arguments that seem to be convincing but actually not corrected. Different forms or types of fallacies are:

1.   Fallacies of affirming the conclusion:

This kind of fallacies has the form,

q

p→q

        ∴p

      This is a fallacy as [q ˄ (p→q) → p] is not a tautology.

2.   Fallacy of denying the hypothesis:

This kind of fallacy has the form,

¬p

p→q

         ∴¬q

This is a fallacy as [¬p ˄ (p→q) →¬q] is not a tautology.